Federal law prohibiting the direct sale of handguns to out-of-state residents is unconstitutional because the right to keep arms includes the right to purchase them. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals voided the restriction in a 2-1 vote, finding that government historical analogues did not justify a categorical ban on these transactions. Judge Haynes issued a three-sentence dissent, stating the challenged provisions are not unconstitutional under the Second Amendment.

The decision creates a legal split between the Fifth and Second Circuits regarding the legality of interstate firearm sales. In the majority opinion, the court found the federal ban sullies the plain text of the Second Amendment and is inconsistent with the nation's tradition of firearms regulation from the founding era.