Iran's Khatam al-Anbiya joint military command stated on Sunday that any renewed U.S. military action would trigger sustained, unrestricted attacks on all American bases and interests in the Middle East. Tehran claims intelligence indicates Washington coordinated a plan to resume action during a meeting in Europe with the backing of regional countries. Army ground forces commander Ali Jahanshahi announced the deployment of rapid-response, mechanized, and artillery units along the northwestern, western, southwestern, eastern, and northeastern borders and the Makran coast.

U.S. embassies in the Middle East issued alerts warning of potential airspace closures and flight cancellations. Houthi forces launched ballistic missiles at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as tensions rose during high holidays in Israel. Within the Iranian parliament, speaker Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf called for concurrent fighting and negotiation, while some lawmakers proposed a withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to alter the nation's nuclear policy.