Geran-4 jet-drones targeted shipping lanes in the western Black Sea and the port of Chornomorsk on Oct. 1. The Russian Ministry of Defence reported that forces hit 4 dry cargo ships—3 in the western Black Sea and 1 at Chornomorsk—as well as a logistics center in Kyiv. These strikes targeted vessels that Russia claims are used to transport military shipments from European countries to Ukrainian forces.

The latest operation follows a Sept. 29 wave where 5 additional cargo ships were struck in the same regions. Earlier strikes in September killed a Ukrainian ship captain on a vessel sailing under an Antigua and Barbuda flag. Ukraine's Finance Ministry estimates that combined Russian attacks on ports and supporting infrastructure could cause export losses of up to $4.8B by the end of the year.