The Russian Ministry of Defense carried out strikes against a maritime vessel in Odesa and a transport facility in the capital on Oct. 1. These operations targeted a cargo ship at the port of Chornomorsk and a logistics center in Kyiv, continuing a campaign of attacks on infrastructure that Russia claims are used to transfer military equipment from European countries.

On Sept. 29, Geran-4 jet-drones hit five dry cargo ships, including two at Chornomorsk and three in the western Black Sea. Earlier strikes killed a Ukrainian captain on a vessel sailing under the flag of Antigua and Barbuda and hit warehouses storing food and medical supplies. Ukraine's Finance Ministry estimates that total export losses from Russian attacks on ports and other infrastructure could reach $4.8 billion by the end of the year.